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Jake Siemens
Jacob (Jake) John Siemens (May 23, 1896 – July 12, 1963), was a Canadian farmer, co-operative leader, social entrepreneur, and adult educator. Born and raised a Mennonite near Altona, Manitoba, Siemens taught for 10 years before taking over the family farm in 1929. With the onset of the Great Depression he played a key role in the emergence of the dynamic co-operative movement in southern Manitoba. Since he understood his work as an expression of Christian love, it ignited controversy within the Mennonite community. In his later years he left the Mennonite community and moved to Winnipeg, where he ran for office as a candidate for the New Democratic Party. On his death in 1963 he was buried at a Unitarian church.〔Rodney J. Sawatsky. ''Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online'' (1990)〕
== Community self-help ==
By 1931 the farming communities around Altona and Winkler, Manitoba were in crisis. As a result of the extreme financial pressures of the times, only 159 of the 1,240 farmers in Rhineland district retained clear title to their land.〔Robert Meyers. ''The Spirit of the Post Road: A Story of Self-Help Communities''. The Federation of Southern Manitoba Co-operatives, Altona (1955), pp. 11-12〕 That year Siemens helped organize, then served as vice-president of, the Rhineland Agricultural Society. The Society persuaded farmers to accept government extension services, organized agricultural fairs, and taught better practices through a quarterly journal.
The farmers faced an even more immediate need to reduce their costs for basic supplies like gas, oil, grease and binder twine. At Siemen's suggestion they organized the Rhineland Consumers' Co-operative in the same year, electing him president. The directors had to put their farms up as collateral for the $2,500 bank loan. But the co-operative succeeded, paying its first dividend in 1935. By 1939 it had 573 members.〔Esther Epp-Tiessen. ''Altona: The Story of a Prairie Town'' Altona, Manitoba. D.W. Frieson & Sons. (no date). pp. 165-69〕
The efforts of Siemens and his fellow co-operators were not appreciated by everyone. A Mennonite commentator observes that "()he Bergthal Mennonite leadership rejected his vision as too socialistic and insufficiently orthodox. The resulting pro- and anti-cooperative division in much of the area between Altona and Winkler influenced both church and community very negatively."〔Sawatsky, ''op. cit.''〕 Peter Reimer, an ardent co-operator who published the Rhineland Agricultural Society's quarterly journal, was forced out of his position as a local school teacher in 1934. Two years later he died, at 51, due to a recurrence of tuberculosis.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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